There's a nice book that deals with this subject:
Digital Image Processing by Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods
The 3rd edition is better.
It touches the basics in image processing and renders most of the aspects of implementing the algorithms. Easy to understand although some parts are heavy on the math-side but I think one can grasp the concepts without knowing the details and I thought it was nicely written and easy to comprehend. If i'm not misstaken there is an MATLAB version of the book with some code in it, but haven't read that one so can't really say much besides that MATLAB (or the free version Octave) is a really good language beginning to experiment with image processing.
There is so many aspects to image analysis, as example noise (video has lots of it even if ours eyes mostly filter it out) and these things needs to be considered to get reliable information.
You could also perhaps look some of the slides and labs provided at:
http://www.csc.kth.se/utbildning/kth/kurser/DD2423/bildat11/